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Lipizzaner
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About the Lipizzaner Breed
.This famous breed is of Austrian origin,
and takes its name from the place, Lipizza, where the stud farm
of the same name was founded in 1580 by the Archduke Charles,
son of the Emperor Ferdinand I.
The origin of this breed goes back to 1564, when there had been
introduced into Austria a highly specialised type of horse,
the Kladruber (taking its name from the stud farm of Kladrub
in Bohemia), which was the result of a mixture of Spanish and
Neapolitan blood. The characteristics of this breed were a heavy,
big-boned frame, small head, round nose, curved or arched neck,
and, often, drooping ears. The height was from 16 to 17 hands.
They were bred for court use, to draw the royal carriages and
to be ridden in processions and on state occasions. Owing to
inbreeding, they developed a number of defects, becoming very
short-lived, liable to have poor feet and legs not strong enough
for their size and weight. In spite of this however, they continued
in use until the break-up of the Austrian Empire in 1918, when
they were all sold and the stud dispersed.
The Lipizzaner is derived from a cross between the Kladruber
and a small Italian horse of Northern Italy – especially
near Trieste and in Gorizia – with a later admixture of
Arab blood. There are six famous lines: ‘Pluto’,
‘Conversano’, ‘Neapolitan’, ‘Favory’,
‘Maestoso’ and ‘Siglavy’. These are
the animals that were used in the Spanish Riding School at Vienna,
which was built for the Emperor Charles VI in 1735 by the architect
Fischer von Erlach. It may be noted that the celebrated airs
and exercises taught and practised there are not of Spanish
origin, in spite of the name of the school, but were initiated
by two great horsemen of the past, one English, the Duke of
Newcastle, and the other French, Antonius de Pluvinel, riding-master
to Louis XIII.
The Lipizzaner is a very beautiful horse, nearly always grey.
It is extremely shapely and elegant in appearance, with a longish
body, well ribbed-up, strong quarters, rather heavy shoulders
and neck, small head, good legs with plenty of bone. The nostrils
are rather narrow, the eyes large and horizontal. The best of
them show their Arab blood, and the general impression is one
of strength and grace and dignity. They are intelligent and
very docile in disposition. By contrast with their ancestor,
the Kladruber, Lipizzaners are long-lived, and their intensive
training in high school work does not really begin until they
are from five to seven years old.
Up to the Second World War the chief breeding place of this
breed was at the Hungarian State Stud at Babolna, which was
founded in 1789, when Hungary was part of the Austrian Empire.
Breeding was carried on there, on a large scale, of Arabs and
half-bred Arabs as well as of Lipizzaners. The general system
was to breed from selected fillies on their reaching four years.
After the first foaling the fillies were broken-in for driving,
and those with the best performance continued as brood mares.
Apart from his high school use the Lipizzaner is a magnificent
carriage horse and a good hunter and hack.
Since it has so much presence, especially under saddle, with
its spectacular action and arresting colouring, not to mention
its understanding nature and tractability, it is somewhat surprising
that the Lipizzaner has not been used even in the now rather
distant past as a riding horse in England.
So great is the reputation of the Lipizzaner and so world-wide
the knowledge of its association with the Spanish Riding School
at Vienna, that little more need be said. Long after many types
or breeds of note have ceased to exist, the probability is that
the Lipizzaner will be found displaying the traditional acts
of the Spanish Riding School as it has done for over three centuries.
Lipizzaner Horse Insurance
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