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Orlov
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About the Orlov Breed
.The originator of this famous breed of Russian
trotters was Count Alexius Grigorievich Orlov, a Russian nobleman
who was born in 1737 and died in 1808. He was renowned for his
great strength and dexterity, and was a man of many interests
besides the horse. He was concerned with his brother Gregory
in the conspiracy of 1763, which led to the deposition and death
of Tsar Peter III, and was said to have been his actual murderer.
He also commended the Russian fleet that annihilated the Turks
at Chesme in 1770. When he died he left 30,000 serfs and an
estate worth five million roubles.
After his more violent activities he appears to have turned
his attention to horse breeding, and in 1777 evolved the breed
which forever after was to be known by his name when his other
exploits were forgotten. He produced the Orlov Horse by crossing
the following bloods: English, Thoroughbred, Arab, Dutch, Danish
and Mecklenburg. The first stallion was an Arab, called ‘Smetanka’,
which was put to a Dutch mare from whom was bred a stallion
called ‘Polkan’. The first trotter out of the latter’s
progeny was a stallions out of a black Dutch mare which was
named ‘Bars First’. This horse is considered to
be the head of the Orlov breed. There were further admixtures
of Dutch, English and Arab bloods.
Trotting has always been a popular sport in Russia, and in pre-Revolution
Russia the Orlov breed was developed for the purpose. As it
is known now, the breed has two definite lines, a heavy type,
which is predominantly black, and a slighter type, with more
pronounced Arab features, which is usually grey. The latter
has been more successful on the racetrack and leads in speed
records. So far as is known at present, the fastest mile in
Russia has been trotted in 2 minutes 6 seconds, which is still
a good way behind the American record of 1 minute 55 seconds.
A good Orlov is very handsome, with a small head, very Arabian
in appearance, broad chest, longish back, good well-rounded
quarters and strong muscular legs. The height goes up to 17
hands.
At the beginning of the century the type was becoming a little
degenerate, longer in the body and legs, and with decreasing
stamina. New colours, dark brown and dark chestnut, also made
their appearance. During the Revolution the proletarian zeal
of the Bolsheviks extended to Thoroughbred horses as well as
to human aristocracy, and many were destroyed. Common sense
and sporting instinct, however, seem to have prevailed in time,
and the breed was saved and is still carried on together with
the sport of trotting racing. The Tsarist State acquired Count
Orlov’s stud, and under the name of the Khrenovsky Stud
was the central breeding place of the Orlov horse. Before the
Revolution there were about 3,000 stud farms in Russia devoted
to the breeding of these Orlov Trotters.
This breed is another instance of the Arabian Horse Foundation,
and it is characteristic of that blood and a mark of its prepotency
that the Orlov head still bears the Arab stamp.
The Orlov achieved its greatest fame as a trotter and in the
latter half of the last century was looked upon as the supreme
horse for that work. With the strong commercial development
of the trotting horse for the racetrack, mostly in America,
by the most careful selection and scientific breeding and feeding,
the Orlov could not now compete on equal terms. This is a case
of scientific development producing excessive speed to the exclusion
of all else, and has its counterpart in the Thoroughbred ousting
the Arab from the racecourse and polo ground, to the loss, as
many believe, of soundness and stamina. Reference has been made
to the 3,000 stud farms in Russia devoted to the breeding of
this horse – an almost unbelievable number, by the way
– but it is difficult to say how many of these still exist
today. The least that can be hoped is that this world-famous
breed still flourishes.
Orlov Horse Insurance
Cover
Insurance for horse breeds Index:
Arab
| Akhal-Teke
| Albino
| American
Quarter | American
Saddle | Andalusian
| Anglo-Arab
| Anglo-Arab
in France | Anglo-Kabarda
| Anglo-Norman
| Appaloosa
| Ardennes
| Australian
(Waler) | Austrian
| Balearic
| Barb
| Basuto
| Batak/Deli
| Beberbeck
| Beetwk
| Boulonnais
| Brabancon
| Breton
| Budyonovsky
| Burmese
(Shan) | Camargue
| Caspian
| Charollais
Half-bred | Cleveland
Bay | Clydesdale
| Cob
(Riding) | Connemara
| Criollo
| Dales
| Danish
| Danubian
| Dartmoor
| Donsky
| Dutch
Draught | East
Bulgarian | Exmoor
| Falabella
| Fell
| Flemish
| French
Thoroughbred | Friesian
| Galiceno
| Gelderland
| Gidran
and Nonius | Gothland
| Groningen
| Gudbrandsdal
| Hack
| Hackney
Horse | Hackney
Pony | Hafflinger
| Hanoverian
| Highland
| Holstein
| Hungarian
Shagya | Hunter
| Iceland
| Iomud
| Italian
| Jutland
| Kabarda
| Karabair
and Lokai | Karabakh
| Kathiawari
and Marwari | Klepper
| Knabstrup
| Konik
| Latvian
| Limousin
(Half-bred) | Lipizzaner
| Manipur
| Mecklenburg
| Mongolian
| Morgan
| Mustang
| New
Forest | Norwegian-Fjord
| Oldenburg
| Orlov
| Palomino
| Percheron
| Persian
| Pinto
| Pleven
| Polish
Arab | Polish
Half-bred | Polish
Thoroughbred | Rhenish
| Russian
Saddle | Russian
Steppe | Russian
Thoroughbred | Scandinavian
| Schleswig
| Shetland
| Shire
| Spanish
| Spiti
and Bhutia | Standard
Bred | Strelets
| Suffolk
| Swedish
| Tarpan
| Tennessee
Walking Horse | Tersky
| Thoroughbred
| Timor
Pony | Trakehner
| Turk
| Ukrainian
| Vendéen-Charentais
Half-bred | Viatka
| Welsh
Cob | Welsh
Mountain and Welsh Pony | Zeeland
Horse | Zemaitukas
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