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Spiti and Bhutia
Horse Insurance
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About the Spiti and Bhutia Breed
.Anyone who has travelled in Kashmir, Ladakh
or towards the borders of Nepal will be familiar with the sight
of long strings of pack-ponies plodding patiently and securely
under huge loads up and down the narrow, dizzy paths of the
Himalayas, with the characteristic short, quick step, head down
and apparently half asleep but always on the alert to nip somebody
or something. He will probably have used them himself for carrying
his own kit and will have ridden them – and once you have
ridden a hill-pony of the Himalayas you do not easily forget
it, especially that terrifying habit they all have of keeping
always to the extreme edge of a mountain path so that one leg
dangles over several hundred feet of nothingness. The reason
for this is, of course, the fact that the animal is used to
carrying a wide pack on either side of his body, so he keeps
to the outside of a track to avoid bumping against the cliff
wall on the inner side.
The general characteristics of the hill pony, whose origin is
certainly Mongolian, are the same all over the Himalayas and
the highlands of central Asia, but there are two characteristic
breeds in India, the Spiti and the Bhutia, which it is convenient
to deal with together. The former takes its name from the Spiti
tract, a very mountainous region that lies in the Kangra District
between Kulu, where the apples come from, and the central spine
of the Himalayas. The breeding of these animals is once of the
main sources of income of the inhabitants, who do a good trade
in them with the surrounding hill districts and states, extending
even into Tibet. The breeding is mainly in the hands of one
tribe, Kanyats, who are high caste Hindus, and is carried out
in small units of two or three, and never more than six mares.
The Kanyats are very proud of their hereditary calling, and
claim to be able to distinguish representatives of this breed
in any unknown drove of ordinary hill ponies.
Mares usually have their first foal at four years, and March
and April are the foaling months. Very little attention is paid
to the care of mares and foals, and they live on what they can
pick up on the mountainsides. Inbreeding is practised to keep
down the size, and breeding is usually from parent to progeny
rather than from brother to sister.
The Spiti is small, tough, thickset, up to plenty of weight
and very sure-footed. It has an intelligent head with remarkably
sharp ears, strong, short back, short legs with good bone, and
hard round feet. The neck is short and thick, tapering slightly
towards the head; the shoulders are sturdy and straightish,
the ribs well sprung and quarters well developed. It thrives
only in the cold heights of the Himalayas, and in spite of its
hard life it is full of character and humour, and is tireless
and apparently indestructible.
The Bhutia pony is bred in parts of Nepal and other Himalayan
regions from the Punjab to Darjeeling. It has much the same
characteristics as the Spiti, except that it is slightly bigger,
averaging 13 to 13.2 hands as against the 12 hands of the latter.
The predominant colours of both breeds are grey and iron grey.
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